Preface

Martin Chuzzlewit

by Charles Dickens

What is exaggeration to one class of minds and perceptions, is
plain truth to another. That which is commonly called a long-sight,
perceives in a prospect innumerable features and bearings
non-existent to a short-sighted person. I sometimes ask myself
whether there may occasionally be a difference of this kind between
some writers and some readers; whether it is always the writer who
colours highly, or whether it is now and then the reader whose eye
for colour is a little dull?

On this head of exaggeration I have a positive experience, more
curious than the speculation I have just set down. It is this: I
have never touched a character precisely from the life, but some
counterpart of that character has incredulously asked me: "Now
really, did I ever really, see one like it?"

All the Pecksniff family upon earth are quite agreed, I believe,
that Mr. Pecksniff is an exaggeration, and that no such character
ever existed. I will not offer any plea on his behalf to so powerful
and genteel a body, but will make a remark on the character of Jonas
Chuzzlewit.

I conceive that the sordid coarseness and brutality of Jonas
would be unnatural, if there had been nothing in his early education,
and in the precept and example always before him, to engender and
develop the vices that make him odious. But, so born and so bred,
admired for that which made him hateful, and justified from his
cradle in cunning, treachery, and avarice; I claim him as the
legitimate issue of the father upon whom those vices are seen to
recoil. And I submit that their recoil upon that old man, in his
unhonoured age, is not a mere piece of poetical justice, but is the
extreme exposition of a direct truth.

I make this comment, and solicit the reader's attention to it in
his or her consideration of this tale, because nothing is more common
in real life than a want of profitable reflection on the causes of
many vices and crimes that awaken the general horror. What is
substantially true of families in this respect, is true of a whole
commonwealth. As we sow, we reap. Let the reader go into the
children's side of any prison in England, or, I grieve to add, of
many workhouses, and judge whether those are monsters who disgrace
our streets, people our hulks and penitentiaries, and overcrowd our
penal colonies, or are creatures whom we have deliberately suffered
to be bred for misery and ruin.

The American portion of this story is in no other respect a
caricature than as it is an exhibition, for the most part (Mr. Bevan
expected), of a ludicrous side, only, of the American character--of
that side which was, four-and-twenty years ago, from its nature, the
most obtrusive, and the most likely to be seen by such travellers as
Young Martin and Mark Tapley. As I had never, in writing fiction,
had any disposition to soften what is ridiculous or wrong at home, so
I then hoped that the good-humored people of the United States would
not be generally disposed to quarrel with me for carrying the same
usage abroad. I am happy to believe that my confidence in that great
nation was not misplaced.

When this book was first published, I was given to understand,
by some authorities, that the Watertoast Association and eloquence
were beyond all bounds of belief. Therefore I record the fact that
all that portion of Martin Chuzzlewit's experiences is a literal
paraphrase of some reports of public proceedings in the United States
(especially of the proceedings of a certain Brandywine Association),
which were printed in the Times Newspaper in June and July, 1843--at
about the time when I was engaged in writing those parts of the book;
and which remain on the file of the Times Newspaper, of course.

In all my writings, I hope I have taken every available
opportunity of showing the want of sanitary improvements in the
neglected dwellings of the poor. Mrs. Sarah Gamp was,
four-and-twenty years ago, a fair representation of the hired
attendant on the poor in sickness. The hospitals of London were, in
many respects, noble Institutions; in others, very defective. I
think it not the least among the instances of their mismanagement,
that Mrs. Betsey Prig was a fair specimen of a Hospital Nurse; and
that the Hospitals, with their means and funds, should have left it
to private humanity and enterprise, to enter on an attempt to improve
that class of persons--since, greatly improved through the agency of
good women.